Propagation Characteristics Based Three Dimensional Refractive Index Configurations in Photonic Crystal Fibers for Terahertz Range Petroleum Sensing

A hybrid photonic crystal fiber (PCF) rectangular-cored wrapping example has been presented for utilization in liquid (petrochemical) detecting purposes. Enhancing relative sensitivity while minimizing confinement loss has been the aim of the THz frequency range of 1.2 - 3.4 THz examination. At 2.2 THz, the suggested sensor exhibits an RS of 91.76% for x-polarization and 91.11% RS for y-polarization. In addition, for x-polarization, the PCF has an EA of 4.00 x 10-08 m2, CL of 3.50 x 10-10 dB/m, spot size of 1.54 x 10-04 mu m, and a very small EML of 0.0127 cm-1. For y-polarization, the effective area is 3.02 x 10-08 m2, the CL is 1.94 x 10-10 dB/m, the spot size is 1.547 x 10-04 mu m and a very small EML of 0.0252 cm-1. To investigate the overall outcome, full three-dimensional (3D) simulations are performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software. Since the device's rectangular shape core yields comparable findings in each of the polarization of x and y modes. so, our team examined the x,y in each of polarization modes in this work for petrol. The proposed sensor structure is simply constructed using standard manufacturing procedures. The proposed fiber might be considered a key component of practical applications of petrol adulteration measures.