Architectonics of Ubiquitin Chains (A Review)

Ubiquitination, one of the most common posttranslational modifications of proteins, has a significant impact on their functions, such as stability, activity, and cellular localization. Disorders in the ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes are associated with various oncological and neurodegenerative diseases. The complexity of ubiquitin signaling, specifically monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination with different lengths and types of ubiquitin- ubiquitin linkages determines their versatility and ability to regulate hundreds of different cellular processes. Advanced biochemical, mass spectrometric, and computational studies are required for in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of assembly and disassembly, as well as detection of ubiquitin chains and their signal transmission. Recent scientific achievements make it possible to identify protein ubiquitination and the structure of ubiquitin chains, but there are a lot of issues in this area to be clarified. The present review provides a detailed analysis of the current understanding of the architectonics of ubiquitin chains.