The increase in decentralized fluctuating feed-in at low-, medium-, and high-voltage levels associated with the expansion of renewable energies and the emergence of new volatile loads and storage systems is increasingly influencing the overall system behavior of the energy supply and therefore requires a more proactive role for the distribution system operator (DSO). Low and medium grid voltage levels in particular have a pivotal role here, as a significant part of renewable energy feed-in, and almost any new volatile loads, such as heat pumps and electric vehicles, are connected on these levels. Thus far, especially on the low-voltage level, most grid operators encounter a lack of transparency and controllability. It is essential for the integration of renewable energies and volatile loads to have information on power flows and power quality. Hence, massive investments in grid, measurement, and telecontrol infrastructure would be necessary. Using intelligent software technology for grid management can significantly decrease these necessary investments.
