The association between paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) and urothelial carcinoma - A review of the literature

被引:0
作者
Otis, Sarafina Urenna [1 ]
Banna, Giuseppe Luigi [2 ,3 ]
Maniam, Akash [2 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Med Sci Div, Oxford OX3 9DU, England
[2] Portsmouth Hosp Univ NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, England
[3] Univ Portsmouth, Fac Sci & Hlth, Sch Pharm & Biomed Sci, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, England
[4] Caribbean Canc Res Inst, Chanka Trace El Socorro S, Trinidad Tobago
关键词
Urothelial carcinoma; Transitional cell carcinoma; Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes; PNS; Bladder cancer; Upper tract urothelial carcinoma; TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMA; GLYCINE RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES; CEREBELLAR DEGENERATION; ANTI-YO; BLADDER; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MANIFESTATION; ENCEPHALITIS; PERM;
D O I
10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104314
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare neurological disorders arising from malignancy-triggered autoimmunity, yet their association with urothelial carcinoma remains unclear. This systematic review intends to explore any connection, alongside patient/clinical features and management. A literature search identified 25 cases of bladder and upper tract carcinoma linked to PNS. Overall, while infrequent, a meaningful association between PNS and urothelial carcinoma was found in that 84% of cases met a 'possible'-or-'higher-likelihood' PNS diagnosis. Most cases presented with high-risk PNS phenotypes, predominantly cerebellar syndromes and encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy, similar to 17 months within cancer diagnosis/recurrence. Review findings suggest a female preponderance in suspected PNS despite higher male incidence of urothelial cancer. Main treatments consisted of surgery alongside chemotherapy or immunotherapeutics (IVIG and/or corticosteroids), which improved symptoms for a slight majority (60%). Ultimately, while common PNS-associated neoplasms should always first be excluded in suspected PNS, in the absence of alternative causes, urothelial carcinomas do merit clinical consideration.
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页数:15
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