Optimizing hybrid solar collector efficiency with MgO/CNT nanofluid: a response surface methodology investigation

This research paper investigates the operational effectiveness of a new hybrid solar collector in hot and humid weather conditions. It examines the performance disparity between water and MgO/CNT nanofluid as coolants within the solar collector. Through experimental data collection, supplemented by numerical analysis utilizing Response Surface Methodology, the study explores and optimizes the system’s functionality. Results indicate a notable enhancement in the collector’s thermal efficiency with the adoption of MgO/CNT nanofluid, positioning it as a promising candidate for the utilization of renewable solar energy. Focusing on the optimization of flat-plate hybrid solar collectors, this study concentrates on the influence of cooling mediums. Employing a nanofluid comprising water and MgO/CNT nanoparticles, the research underscores the impact of a constant nanoparticle concentration (0.1%) and varying volume flow rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 lpm) on collector performance. Experimental findings underscore the significance of solar radiation, channel geometry, and flow rates on the hybrid collector’s efficiency, emphasizing the crucial role of turbulence within the working medium and nanoparticle distribution within the channel for heightened heat transfer rates. Notably, thermal efficiency experiences a substantial increase from 13.4 to 60.1% when transitioning from plain water to MgO/CNT-water nanofluid. The solar collector consistently demonstrates remarkable efficiency, ranging from 16.5 to 79.4% across diverse atmospheric conditions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.