Location of infraorbital and accessory infraorbital foramina in Iranian population: a retrospective radiological study with crucial clinical implications

PurposThe location of infraorbital foramen (IOF) and the prevalence of accessory IOF vary among different populations. It may lead to infraorbital nerve (ION) blockage during surgery. This study aimed to assess the IOF location and AIOF frequency in Iranian people.MethodIn this retrospective cross-sectional study, 500 paranasal sinus computed tomography scans of adults were examined using the INFINITT PACS system.ResultThe distance from IOF to infraorbital margin (IOM), mid-pupillary line (MPL), midsagittal line (MSL), canine eminence (CE), and skin thickness (ST) was 8.97 +/- 1.79, 5.73 +/- 1.84, 24.86 +/- 2.23, 20.39 +/- 3.47, and 10.90 +/- 2.59 mm, respectively. The vertical and transverse diameters of the foramen were 3.03 +/- 0.65 and 3.71 +/- 0.76 mm, respectively. In addition, the shape of 63.5% of the foramina was oval. The prevalence of AIOF was 9%, and its most common location was superomedial to IOF.ConclusionWe believe that in this study, landmarks like IOM, MPL, MSL, CE and ST could help the clinicians localize IOF and improve the ION anesthesia success rate. Furthermore, the occurrence of AIOF should be considered by physicians to reduce the chance of injuries to the infraorbital neurovascular complex.