Health risk assessment of heavy metals in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) cultivated in domestic wastewater and lake water irrigated soils

被引:12
作者
Abou Fayssal, Sami [1 ,2 ]
Kumar, Pankaj [3 ,4 ]
Popescu, Simona M. [5 ]
Khanday, Mehraj Ud-Din [6 ]
Sardar, Hasan [7 ]
Ahmad, Riaz [8 ]
Gupta, Deep [9 ]
Gaur, Sudhir Kumar [10 ]
Alharby, Hesham F. [11 ,12 ]
Al-Ghamdi, Abdullah G. [11 ]
机构
[1] Univ Forestry, Fac Agron, Dept Agron, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, Sofia 1797, Bulgaria
[2] Lebanese Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Prod, Beirut 1302, Lebanon
[3] Gurukula Kangri Deemed Univ, Dept Zool & Environm Sci, Agroecol & Pollut Res Lab, Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
[4] Soc AgroEnvironm Sustainabil, Res & Dev Div, Dehra Dun 248007, India
[5] Univ Craiova, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, AI Cuza 13, Craiova 200585, Romania
[6] Sher e Kashmir Univ Agr Sci & Technol Kashmir, Div Soil Sci, Fac Hort, Kashmir 190025, India
[7] Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Fac Agr Sci & Technol, Dept Hort, Multan 60800, Pakistan
[8] Univ Agr, Dept Hort, Dera Ismail Khan 29111, Pakistan
[9] COER Univ, Coll Smart Agr, Roorkee 247667, India
[10] COER Univ, Coll Business Studies, Roorkee 247667, India
[11] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
[12] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Plant Biol Res Grp, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
关键词
Health risk; Irrigation water; Metal elements; Saffron quality; Thread composition; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ACCUMULATION; GROWTH; AREA;
D O I
10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27138
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Irrigation of crops with domestic wastewater (DW) is a common practice in developing countries like India. However, domestic wastewater irrigation poses a risk of migration of toxic heavy metals to edible parts of crops, which requires serious measures to prevent their uptake. In this study, the effect of DW irrigation in comparison with Sarbal Lake water (SLW) and borewell water (BW) on soil characteristics and cultivated saffron (Crocus sativus L.) was investigated. For this purpose, samples of water, soil, and saffron (corm, petal, and stigma) were collected from the suburban area of Pampore, Srinagar district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The results showed that DW irrigation had the maximum significant (p < 0.05) influence on the physico-chemical and nutrient characteristics of the soil, followed by SLW and BW irrigation, respectively. The growth and yield parameters of saffron were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the case of DW irrigation as compared to SLW and BW. The quality ranking of the cultivated saffron was found to be in accordance with the ISO standard (III: BW and II: DW and SLW). On the other hand, DW irrigation showed a significant increase in heavy metal contents (mg/kg) of saffron plant parts such as As (0.21-0.40), Cd (0.04-0.09), Cr (0.16-0.41), Cu (7.31-14. 75), Fe (142.38-303.15), Pb (0.18-0.31), Mn (15.26-22.81), Hg (0.18-0.25), Ni (0.74-1.18), Se (0.13-0.22), and Zn (3.44-4.59), followed by SLW and BW. However, the levels of heavy metals did not exceed the FAO/WHO safe limits. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF), dietary intake modeling (DIM<0.006496), health risk assessment (HRI<0.028571), and target hazard quotient (THQ<1) analyses showed no potential health hazard associated with the consumption of saffron irrigated with DW and SLW. Therefore, the results of this study provide valuable insights into the optimization of irrigation sources for saffron cultivation.
引用
收藏
页数:15
相关论文
共 102 条
[1]   Nitrogen leaching and groundwater N contamination risk in saffron/wheat intercropping under different irrigation and soil fertilizers regimes [J].
Abbasi, Mohammad Rasoul ;
Sepaskhah, Ali Reza .
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 2023, 13 (01)
[2]   Nutritional and health beneficial properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L): a comprehensive review [J].
Abu-Izneid, Tareq ;
Rauf, Abdur ;
Khalil, Anees Ahmed ;
Olatunde, Ahmed ;
Khalid, Ahood ;
Alhumaydhi, Fahad A. ;
Aljohani, Abdullah S. M. ;
Uddin, Md Sahab ;
Heydari, Mojtaba ;
Khayrullin, Mars ;
Shariati, Mohammad Ali ;
Aremu, Adeyemi Oladapo ;
Alafnan, Ahmed ;
Rengasamy, Kannan R. R. .
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION, 2022, 62 (10) :2683-2706
[3]   Health risk implications of iron in wastewater soil-food crops grown in the vicinity of peri urban areas of the District Sargodha [J].
Akhtar, Shahzad ;
Luqman, Muhammad ;
Awan, Muhammad Umer Farooq ;
Saba, Iram ;
Khan, Zafar Iqbal ;
Ahmad, Kafeel ;
Muneeb, Ahmed ;
Nadeem, Muhammad ;
Batool, Aima Iram ;
Shahzadi, Mahpara ;
Memona, Hafsa ;
Shad, Hazoor Ahmad ;
Mustafa, Ghulam ;
Zubair, Rana Muhammad .
PLOS ONE, 2022, 17 (11)
[4]   Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn., Sapindaceae) Fruit Samples [J].
AL-Huqail, Arwa A. ;
Singh, Rattan ;
Siric, Ivan ;
Kumar, Pankaj ;
Abou Fayssal, Sami ;
Kumar, Vinod ;
Bachheti, Rakesh Kumar ;
Andabaka, Zeljko ;
Goala, Madhumita ;
Eid, Ebrahem M. .
HORTICULTURAE, 2023, 9 (09)
[5]   Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Soil and Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Irrigated with Paper Mill Effluent [J].
AL-Huqail, Arwa A. ;
Kumar, Pankaj ;
Eid, Ebrahem M. ;
Adelodun, Bashir ;
Fayssal, Sami Abou ;
Singh, Jogendra ;
Arya, Ashish Kumar ;
Goala, Madhumita ;
Kumar, Vinod ;
Siric, Ivan .
AGRICULTURE-BASEL, 2022, 12 (11)
[6]  
[Anonymous], 2019, AOAC Official Methods of Analysis
[7]  
[Anonymous], 2014, Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences
[8]  
APHA, 2011, STANDARD METHODS EXA, DOI DOI 10.2105/SMWW.2882.193
[9]   Detection of Saffron's Main Bioactive Compounds and Their Relationship with Commercial Quality [J].
Avila-Sosa, Raul ;
Virginia Nevarez-Moorillon, Guadalupe ;
Enrique Ochoa-Velasco, Carlos ;
Rhode Navarro-Cruz, Addi ;
Hernandez-Carranza, Paola ;
Soledad Cid-Perez, Teresa .
FOODS, 2022, 11 (20)
[10]  
Ayers R.S., 1985, Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 29 Rev. 1