Asymmetry in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76 b

被引：9

作者：

Demangeon, O. D. S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Cubillos, P. E. ^{[3
,4
]}

Singh, V. ^{[5
]}

Wilson, T. G. ^{[6
]}

Carone, L. ^{[4
]}

Bekkelien, A. ^{[7
]}

Deline, A. ^{[7
]}

Ehrenreich, D. ^{[7
,8
]}

Maxted, P. F. L. ^{[9
]}

Demory, B. -O. ^{[10
,11
]}

Zingales, T. ^{[12
,13
]}

Lendl, M. ^{[7
]}

Bonfanti, A. ^{[4
]}

Sousa, S. G. ^{[1
]}

Brandeker, A. ^{[14
]}

Alibert, Y. ^{[10
,11
]}

Alonso, R. ^{[15
,16
]}

Asquier, J. ^{[17
]}

Barczy, T. ^{[18
]}

Navascues, D. Barrado ^{[19
]}

Barros, S. C. C. ^{[1
,2
]}

Baumjohann, W. ^{[4
]}

Beck, M. ^{[7
]}

Beck, T. ^{[11
]}

Benz, W. ^{[10
,11
]}

Billot, N. ^{[7
]}

Biondi, F. ^{[13
,47
]}

Borsato, L. ^{[13
]}

Broeg, Ch. ^{[10
,11
]}

Buder, M. ^{[20
]}

Cameron, A. Collier ^{[21
]}

Csizmadia, Sz. ^{[22
]}

Davies, M. B. ^{[23
]}

Deleuil, M. ^{[24
]}

Delrez, L. ^{[25
,26
]}

Erikson, A. ^{[22
]}

Fortier, A. ^{[10
,11
]}

Fossati, L. ^{[4
]}

Fridlund, M. ^{[27
,28
]}

Gandolfi, D. ^{[29
]}

Gillon, M. ^{[25
]}

Guedel, M. ^{[30
]}

Guenther, M. N. ^{[17
]}

Heitzmann, A. ^{[7
]}

Helling, Ch. ^{[4
,31
]}

Hoyer, S. ^{[24
]}

Isaak, K. G. ^{[17
]}

Kiss, L. L. ^{[32
,33
]}

Lam, K. W. F. ^{[22
]}

Laskar, J. ^{[34
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Porto, Inst Astrofis & Ciencias Espaco, CAUP, Rua Estrelas, P-4150762 Porto, Portugal

[2] Univ Porto, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis & Astron, Rua Campo Alegre, P-4169007 Porto, Portugal

[3] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, INAF, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese To, Italy

[4] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Schmiedlstr 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria

[5] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

[6] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, England

[7] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneve, Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Geneva, Switzerland

[8] Univ Geneva, Fac Sci, Ctr Vie Univers, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland

[9] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Lennard Jones Bldg, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England

[10] Univ Bern, Ctr Space & Habitabil, Gesell Str 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[11] Univ Bern, Weltraumforsch Planetol Phys Inst, Inst Phys, Gesell Str 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[12] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Galileo Galilei, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[13] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[14] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[15] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Via Lactea S-N, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Tenerife, Spain

[16] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Ave Astrofis Francisco Sanchez S-N, San Cristobal la Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain

[17] European Space Agcy ESA, European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands

[18] Admatis, 5 Kando Kalman St, H-3534 Miskolc, Hungary

[19] Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Dept Astrofis, ESAC Campus, Villanueva De La Canada 28692, Madrid, Spain

[20] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Opt Sensor Syst, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[21] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Exoplanet Sci, SUPA Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland

[22] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Planetary Res, Rutherfordstr 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[23] Lund Univ, Ctr Math Sci, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden

[24] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France

[25] Univ Liege, Astrobiol Res Unit, Allee 6 Aout 19C, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

[26] Univ Liege, Space Sci Technol & Astrophys Res STAR Inst, Allee 6 Aout 19C, B-4000 Liege, Belgium

[27] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[28] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Space Earth & Environm, Onsala Space Observat, S-43992 Onsala, Sweden

[29] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin, Italy

[30] Univ Vienna, Dept Astrophys, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria

[31] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys & Computat Phys, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria

[32] Konkoly Observ Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Konkoly Thege Miklos Ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary

[33] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Phys, Pazmany Petersetany 1-A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary

[34] Sorbonne Univ, PSL Univ, Observ Paris, CNRS,IMCCE,UMR8028, 77 Ave Denfert Rochereau, F-75014 Paris, France

[35] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR7095, 98Bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

[36] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron Galileo Galilei, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padua, Italy

[37] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Wolfgang Pauli Str 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

[38] Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England

[39] Tech Univ Berlin, Zentrum Astron & Astrophys, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany

[40] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Wissensch, Maltheserstr 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany

[41] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai ICE, Campus UAB,Can Magrans S-N, Bellaterra 08193, Spain

[42] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, Gran Capita 2-4, Barcelona 08034, Spain

[43] Univ Bern, Weltraumforsch Planetol Phys Inst, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

[44] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Gothard Astrophys Observ, Szent Imre H U 112, H-9700 Szombathely, Hungary

[45] HUN REN ELTE Exoplanet Res Grp, Szent Imre H U 112, H-9700 Szombathely, Hungary

[46] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[47] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2024年 / 684卷

基金：

欧盟地平线“2020”; 欧洲研究理事会; 瑞士国家科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会; 奥地利科学基金会;

关键词：

techniques: photometric; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: composition; COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION; INDUCED INFRARED-SPECTRA; PHASE-CURVE; H-2-HE PAIRS; MULTIDIMENSIONAL-ANALYSIS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; HD; 149026B; SPITZER; TEMPERATURES; CHEMISTRY;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202348270

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Context. WASP-76 b has been a recurrent subject of study since the detection of a signature in high-resolution transit spectroscopy data indicating an asymmetry between the two limbs of the planet. The existence of this asymmetric signature has been confirmed by multiple studies, but its physical origin is still under debate. In addition, it contrasts with the absence of asymmetry reported in the infrared (IR) phase curve. Aims. We provide a more comprehensive dataset of WASP-76 b with the goal of drawing a complete view of the physical processes at work in this atmosphere. In particular, we attempt to reconcile visible high-resolution transit spectroscopy data and IR broadband phase curves. Methods. We gathered 3 phase curves, 20 occultations, and 6 transits for WASP-76 b in the visible with the CHEOPS space telescope. We also report the analysis of three unpublished sectors observed by the TESS space telescope (also in the visible), which represents 34 phase curves. Results. WASP-76 b displays an occultation of 260 +/- 11 and 152 +/- 10 ppm in TESS and CHEOPS bandpasses respectively. Depending on the composition assumed for the atmosphere and the data reduction used for the IR data, we derived geometric albedo estimates that range from 0.05 +/- 0.023 to 0.146 +/- 0.013 and from <0.13 to 0.189 +/- 0.017 in the CHEOPS and TESS bandpasses, respectively. As expected from the IR phase curves, a low-order model of the phase curves does not yield any detectable asymmetry in the visible either. However, an empirical model allowing for sharper phase curve variations offers a hint of a flux excess before the occultation, with an amplitude of similar to 40 ppm, an orbital offset of similar to -30 degrees, and a width of similar to 20 degrees. We also constrained the orbital eccentricity of WASP-76 b to a value lower than 0.0067, with a 99.7% confidence level. This result contradicts earlier proposed scenarios aimed at explaining the asymmetry observed in high-resolution transit spectroscopy. Conclusions. In light of these findings, we hypothesise that WASP-76 b could have night-side clouds that extend predominantly towards its eastern limb. At this limb, the clouds would be associated with spherical droplets or spherically shaped aerosols of an unknown species, which would be responsible for a glory effect in the visible phase curves.

引用

页数：35

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