Construction of PNIPAM/graphene oxide loaded with silver nanoparticles interpenetrating intelligent hydrogels for antibacterial dressing

Antibacterial dressings play an important role in wound management, especially in chronic wounds. Due to the excellent water retention, antibacterial hydrogel has become an ideal wound dressing. In this paper, the effective antibacterial dressing was constructed with the poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) hydrogel and graphene oxide loading nanosilver particles (GO-Ag) by the in situ chemical crosslinking method. The molecular structure, viscosity and mechanical properties, antibacterial agent content, antibacterial performance, temperature-sensitive antibacterial relationship and biocompatibility of PNIPAM-based GO-Ag composite hydrogel (PNIPAM/GO-Ag) were systematically characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), plate counting and other methods. The results showed that the introduction of GO-Ag increased the pore structure of PNIPAM/GO-Ag hydrogel and provided more active sites for the release of silver nanoparticles, wherein the content of nanosilver in PNIPAM/GO-Ag hydrogel was only 0.01%, meeting the requirements of application as antibacterial dressings. Moreover, when the hydrogel was subjected to heat contraction, silver nanoparticles could release more quickly and efficiently. The antibacterial rates of the PNIPAM/GO-Ag hydrogel against E. coli and S. aureus were 99.8 and 99% at 37 degrees C, respectively, higher than those at 25 degrees C (92, 95%). Compared with the pure PNIPAM hydrogel (1423.0%), the swelling rate of PNIPAM/GO-Ag hydrogel could reach 2024.6%, certifying its ability to absorb exudate of wound site. When the deformation was less than 80%, the hydrogel could maintain excellent elastic deformation recovery ability, and the viscosity of hydrogel at human body temperature was 38 Pa<middle dot>s. These prove that it had a good fit with the skin, could dissipate more energy and restore shape. The hemolysis rate of PNIPAM/GO-Ag hydrogel was less than 5%, showing good bio-safety. These all demonstrated the PNIPAM/GO-Ag hydrogel can be used as a potential application for the skin wound dressing.