Effects of short and long - term nutrition and progesterone supplementation on the success of fixed - time artificial insemination in the ewe

The success of fixed - time artificial insemination (AI) in the ewe is variable due to poor synchrony of estrus. We examined the effects of long-term nutrition (LTN; low, medium, high - 6 months), short-term nutrition (STN; 1.0 M, 1.5 M - 14 days) and progesterone supplementation (P; single pessary, replacement on Day 9) on synchrony and reproductive outcomes. High LTN advanced ( P < 0.05) estrus, increased ( P = 0.06) pregnancy (range 71.1 - 81.1%) and improved ( P < 0.01) litter size (range 1.30 - 1.50). STN increased ( P < 0.05) pregnancy (79.0 versus 72.3%) but not litter size or timing of estrus. A LTN x STN interaction ( P < 0.01) for time of estrus indicates that the effects of LTN were moderated by STN depending on the level of LTN. Pessary replacement delayed ( P < 0.05) the onset of estrus, improved synchrony but did not affect pregnancy or litter size. High LTN increased ( P < 0.05) the number of large ( >= 3.8 mm) and medium - size follicles (2.0 - 3.7 mm) but the diameter of large follicles tended to be reduced ( P = 0.08) on Day 12. STN did not affect follicle number or size whilst P reduced ( P < 0.05) the diameter of large follicles on Day 12 (4.83 versus 5.10 mm) and increased the number of medium - size follicles (3.56 versus 2.74 mm). In conclusion, both LTN and STN are major sources of variability in AI programs whilst pessary replacement has potential to reduce variability.