Characterization of 3-dimensional printing and casting materials for use in magnetic resonance imaging phantoms at 3 t

被引：0

作者：

Yunker B.E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Stupic K.F. ^{[1
]}

Wagner J.L. ^{[2
]}

Huddle S. ^{[2
]}

Shandas R. ^{[2
]}

Weir R.F. ^{[2
]}

Russek S.E. ^{[1
]}

Keenan K.E. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, 80305, CO

[2] University of Colorado-Denver/Anschutz, Aurora, 80045, CO

来源：

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology | 2020年 / 125卷

关键词：

3D printing; Medical imaging; MRI; Phantom; Polymer;

D O I：

10.6028/JRES.125.028

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Imaging phantoms are used to calibrate and validate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. Many new materials have been developed for additive manufacturing (three-dimensional [3D] printing) processes that may be useful in the direct printing or casting of dimensionally accurate, anatomically accurate, patient-specific, and/or biomimetic MRI phantoms. The T1, T2, and T2* spin relaxation times of polymer samples were tested to discover materials for use as tissue mimics and structures in MRI phantoms. This study included a cohort of polymer compounds that was tested in cured form. The cohort consisted of 101 standardized polymer samples fabricated from: two-part silicones and polyurethanes used in commercial casting processes; one-part optically cured polyurethanes used in 3D printing; and fused deposition thermoplastics used in 3D printing. The testing was performed at 3 T using inversion recovery, spin echo, and gradient echo sequences for T1, T2, and T2*, respectively. T1, T2, and T2* values were plotted with error bars to allow the reader to assess how well a polymer matches a tissue for a specific application. A correlation was performed between T1, T2, T2* values and material density, elongation, tensile strength, and hardness. Two silicones, SI_XP-643 and SI_P-45, may be usable mimics for reported liver values; one silicone, SI_XP-643, may be a useful mimic for muscle; one silicone, SI_XP-738, may be a useful mimic for white matter; and four silicones, SI_P-15, SI_GI-1000, SI_GI-1040, and SI_GI-1110, may be usable mimics for spinal cord. Elongation correlated to T2 (p = 0.0007), tensile strength correlated to T1 (p = 0.002), T2 (p = 0.0003), and T2* (p = 0.003). The 80 samples not providing measurable signal with T1, T2, T2* relaxation values too short to measure with the standard sequences, may be useful for MRI-invisible fixturing and medical devices at 3 T. © 2020 National Institute of Standards and Technology. All rights reserved.

引用

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