Bi-level optimal scheduling of multi-microgrid system considering demand response and shared energy storage

Incorporating demand response behavior of power consumers and energy storage sharing devices in multi-microgrid system will affect the energy flow and equipment output. Thereby，in order to promote the efficient utilization of energy storage devices and the local consumption of renewable energy，a bi-level optimal scheduling strategy for multi-microgrid systems is proposed，which takes into account both the demand response of energy users and the sharing of energy storages. The operation mode of shared energy storage，multi-microgrid system and demand response behavior of energy users are modeled. A cooperative Stackelberg interactive equilibrium model is proposed，in which the maximum net income of multi-microgrid system and the minimum total energy purchase cost of energy-consuming users are set as the upper-level and lower-level objectives respectively. The lower-level model is replaced by its KKT conditions，and then the Big-M method and strong-duality theorem are employed to deal with nonlinear terms. As a result，the Stackelberg game model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem. The energy pricing strategy of multi-microgrid system，the dynamic capacity allocation of shared energy storage and the equipment operating status in each microgrid are obtained. To promote power interaction between microgrids，a profit allocation scheme based on interaction contribution is proposed. Finally，five different schemes are employed as examples to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. © 2023 Electric Power Automation Equipment Press. All rights reserved.