Molecular characterization of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy which occurs when plasma cells, a type of white blood cell, grow out of control and start to overproduce antibodies accumulating in the blood and bone marrow. Despite the recent advances, the survival rate for MM has not increased significantly which opens the need for identifying new molecular targets. This review article presents the most frequently observed gene mutations (KRAS (22.0%), NRAS (18.0%), DIS3 (9.3%), TTN (8.3%), ZNF717 (8.3%), TENT5C (7.3%), TP53 (7.3%) %), BRAF (6.3%), MUC16 (6.3%), RYR2 (5.4%), and LRP1B (5.4%)) in MM patients, with their rates, correlations, clinical significance, importance in the framework of MM, as well as potential novel targets collected from the literature. The genes and MM patients' dataset (211) were obtained from cBioportal. Summing up, in the study conducted in MM patients, 3 genes with the most frequent mutations were reported as KRAS, NRAS and DIS3. In addition, in the context of our literature reviews and the data obtained, it appears that the TZNF717, TTN, MUC16, RYR2 genes need further investigations within the framework of MM.