Recent advances in metal-organic framework-based self-powered sensors: A promising energy harvesting technology

The growing popularity of the Internet of Things has led to increases in the need for renewable energy and sensor systems. Therefore, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered significant attention as a novel form of energy production due to their lightweight nature, cost-effectiveness, high output, and versatility in terms of materials, low cost, and device configurations. TENGs have been studied for several uses, including self-powered sensing, biomedical, biomotion, healthcare monitoring, and robotic applications. The performance of TENG is drastically pretentious by the material because charge density (sigma) is an inherent characteristic of the material. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials possess robust charge-trapping capabilities, multifunctional structures, adjustable properties, and exceptional stability. These materials can be utilized or integrated as selfpowered sensors of different kinds to enhance the performance of TENG and expand their range of applications. This review paper outlines development of MOF materials in the TENG field in chronological order, classifications of different MOF materials, progress in developing MOF materials, structural analysis, physicochemical properties, advantage and disadvantages of different MOF and fundamental TENG classifications. Furthermore, the method for output enhancement based on charge trapping mechanism and dielectric modulation, specific benefits, and device applications in energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are thoroughly addressed. Finally, a discussion of future and pertinent issues in material development, energy harvesting, and the research field of self-powered sensors for TENGs is provided.