Critical roles of long noncoding RNA H19 in cancer

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a category of noncoding RNAs characterized by their length, often exceeding 200 nucleotides. There is a growing body of data that indicate the significant involvement of lncRNAs in a wide range of disorders, including cancer. lncRNA H19 was among the initial lncRNAs to be identified and is transcribed from the H19 gene. The H19 lncRNA exhibits significant upregulation in a diverse range of human malignancies, such as breast, colorectal, pancreatic, glioma, and gastric cancer. Moreover, the overexpression of H19 is frequently associated with a worse prognosis among individuals diagnosed with cancer. H19 has been shown to have a role in facilitating several cellular processes, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and apoptosis. This article summarizes the aberrant upregulation of H19 in human malignancies, indicating promising avenues for future investigations on cancer diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. LncRNA H19 has strongly influenced the development of human cancers and carcinogenesis. Through interactions with proteins and microRNAs, lncRNA H19 modifies significant signaling pathways. Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, stemness, drug resistance, and other essential features of cancer biology are all impacted by lncRNA H19. Complex networks involving posttranscriptional, epigenetic, and genetic regulatory processes are correlated with lncRNA H19. lncRNA H19 has been brought to light as a possible target for therapeutic measures or as a marker for cancer diagnosis.