Interventions targeting patients with co-occuring severe mental illness and substance use (dual diagnosis) in general practice settings - a scoping review of the literature

BackgroundPeople with dual diagnosis die prematurely compared to the general population, and general practice might serve as a setting in the healthcare system to mend this gap in health inequity. However, little is known about which interventions that have been tested in this setting.AimTo scope the literature on interventions targeting patients with dual diagnosis in a general practice setting, the outcomes used, and the findings.Design and settingA scoping review of patients with dual diagnosis in general practice.MethodsFrom a predeveloped search string, we used PubMed (Medline), PsychInfo, and Embase to identify scientific articles on interventions. Studies were excluded if they did not evaluate an intervention, if patients were under 18 years of age, and if not published in English. Duplicates were removed and all articles were initially screened by title and abstract and subsequent fulltext were read by two authors. Conflicts were discussed within the author group. A summative synthesis of the findings was performed to present the results.ResultsSeven articles were included in the analysis. Most studies investigated integrated care models between behavioural treatment and primary care, and a single study investigated the delivery of Cognitive Behavioral treatment (CBT). Outcomes were changes in mental illness scores and substance or alcohol use, treatment utilization, and implementation of the intervention in question. No studies revealed significant outcomes for patients with dual diagnosis.ConclusionFew intervention studies targeting patients with dual diagnosis exist in general practice. This calls for further investigation of the possibilities of implementing interventions targeting this patient group in general practice.