Electroencephalogram characteristics under successful cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation

认知重评是一种重要的情绪调控策略。研究表明，即使是健康的人群也不能保证重评的成功执行，但是从行为学上观察到的重评成功或失败，其背后的神经机制却不清晰。本文招募了 28 名健康大学生进行认知重评的情绪调控实验，实验前完成认知心理问卷，实验过程中同步采集行为学评分和头皮脑电信号。接着，按照效价评分将受试者分为重评成功与失败两个组，然后分别分析两组人员的问卷结果，不同条件下的事件相关电位早期成分 N200、P200 和晚正电位（LPP），以及效价评分之差与 LPP 幅值之差的相关性。结果发现，无论重评成功与否，与负性观看相比，重评都诱发出更大的 N200 和 P200 成分，并且对 LPP 早期（刺激开始后 300～1 000 ms）幅值的调制作用都表现为“增加”和“减小”两种模式。进一步相关分析显示，在重评成功的受试者中，重评与负性观看的效价评分之差越大，两者的 LPP 早期幅值之差也越大，表现出显著正相关；而失败组中没有发现这种效应。该结果表明，重评成功与否对 ERP 的早期成分没有显著影响，对早期 LPP 的影响存在不同的模式；重评成功与失败之间的差异主要体现在 LPP 的早期，重评成功的受试者其早期 LPP 与行为学评分之间具有显著正相关性。更进一步地，小样本分析发现这种相关性仅存在于具有“LPP 幅值升高”这一模式的人群中。未来可以针对这种调制模式进行深入研究，以发现更稳定的成功实施情绪调节脑电的特征。.; Cognitive reappraisal is an important strategy for emotion regulation. Studies show that even healthy people may not be able to implement this strategy successfully, but the underlying neural mechanism behind the behavioral observation of success or failure of reappraisal is unclear. In this paper, 28 healthy college students participated in an experiment of emotional regulation with the cognitive reappraisal strategy. They were asked to complete the cognitive psychological questionnaires before the experiment. Their behavioral scores and scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were collected simultaneously during the experiment. We divided all the subjects into two groups, according to the statistical test of valence scores. Then we analyzed their questionnaires, early event-related potential (ERP) components N200, P200, and late positive potential (LPP), and calculated the correlation between the valence score and the amplitude of LPP. The results showed that, in both groups, compared with negative-watching, the reappraisal induced larger N200 and P200 components and there were two modulation patterns ("increase" and "decrease") of the reappraisal effect on the amplitude of early LPP (300-1 000 ms after stimulus onset). Moreover, correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlation between two differences in the successful group, i.e., the greater difference in the valence scoresin between reappraisal and negative-watching, the greater difference in the amplitude of early LPP between reappraisal and negative-watching; but no such effect was found in the failure group. These results indicated that, whether reappraisal was successful or not, no significant effect on early ERP components was found; and there were different patterns of the reappraisal effect on early LPP. The difference between successful and failure groups was mainly reflected in early LPP, that is, the EEG characteristics and behavioral scores of successful group were significantly positively correlated. Furthermore, the small sample analysis showed that this correlation only existed in the pattern of "increase". In the future, more research of this modulation mode is necessary in order to find more stable EEG characteristics under successful cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation.