Antimicrobial Potential of Natural Compounds of Zingiberaceae Plants and their Synthetic Analogues: A Scoping Review of In vitro and In silico Approaches

Aim There has been increased scientific interest in bioactive compounds and their synthetic derivatives to promote the development of antimicrobial agents that could be used sustainably and overcome antibiotic resistance. Methods We conducted this scoping review to collect evidence related to the antimicrobial potential of diverse natural compounds from Zingiberaceae plants and their synthetic derivatives. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases for relevant studies published from 2012 to 2023. A total of 28 scientific studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The authors of these studies implemented in vitro and in silico methods to examine the antimicrobial potency and underlying mechanisms of the investigated compounds. Result The evidence elucidates the antimicrobial activity of natural secondary metabolites from Zingiberaceae species and their synthetic derivatives against a broad panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses. Conclusion To date, researchers have proposed the application of bioactive compounds derived from Zingiberaceae plants and their synthetic analogues as antimicrobial agents. Nevertheless, more investigations are required to ascertain their efficacy and to broaden their commercial applicability.