Categorisation by Leveraging CNNs and Remote Sensing Satellite Imagery for Crop Analysis in Arid Environments

The classification of walnuts in the dry areas of Ganquan Township, Awati County, Xinjiang, is investigated in this research using traditional approaches, remote sensing photos taken by satellite, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Thorough field sampling and the collecting of Landsat-8 Level-2 data were necessary for correct analysis due to the different environmental features of the research region, which presented major hurdles. Despite some early difficulties, CNN design revisions led to significant gains in classification accuracy. These modifications included AlexNet, VGG, GoogleNet, ResNet, and EfficientNetV2. When compared to more traditional approaches, ResNet and EfficientNetV2 stood up as the most successful models. Nevertheless, challenges including computational complexity and low-resolution imaging highlight the necessity for more research to improve detection efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. The study emphasises the need to keep looking for new ways to analyse and monitor crops, and it suggests that combining remote sensing with advanced machine learning methods could help improve precision agriculture management and increase crop yields in dry areas. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.