Co-optimization of power and water distribution systems for simultaneous hydropower generation and water pressure regulation

Water Distribution Systems (WDSs) are gravitational systems supplying water, mainly. Little research has been conducted on harnessing the great amount of energy that is currently dissipated during water pressure regulation, usually performed with "passive" devices like Pressure Reduction Valves (PRVs). This paper develops a cooptimization framework between Water and Power Distribution Systems (PDS) and introduces the concept of Integrated Power -Water Distribution System (IPWDS). Under this framework, PRVs are replaced by hydroturbines, which form the interconnecting links between the two systems. They regulate pressure at the WDS while injecting the power resulting from their action to PDS. The complete WDS and PDS mathematical models are adopted and the detailed turbine design and performance model that accounts for turbines feasible operational range is considered. The suggested method optimizes the power generation of the hydro -turbines subject to the hydraulic restrictions and power flow constraints imposed by each network. Optimal Power Flow (OPF) has been extended in order to accommodate turbine's model and constraints imposed by the varying daily flows of the WDS and PDS. Results taken under the suggested framework from a typical WDS, demonstrated that more than 393 MWh (approximately $40 K) of clean power could be produced per year. However, the violation of the unified set of constraints from the IPWDS may reduce the amount of renewable power generation by a significant 7%. This paper focuses mainly on the technical aspect of such an approach. Future work will focus on the economic assessment and viability of such joint projects, resulting from co -optimization and on social -technical aspects that aim on maximizing the penetration of turbines within existing PDS.