Survey of machine learning techniques for Arabic fake news detection

Social media platforms have emerged as primary information sources, offering easy access to a wide audience. Consequently, a significant portion of the global population relies on these platforms for updates on current events. However, fraudulent actors exploit social networks to disseminate false information, either for financial gain or to manipulate public opinion. Recognizing the detrimental impact of fake news, researchers have turned their attention to automating its detection. In this paper, we provide a thorough review of fake news detection in Arabic, a low-resource language, to contextualize the current state of research in this domain. In our research methodology, we recall fake news terminology, provide examples for clarity, particularly in Arabic contexts, and explore its impact on public opinion. We discuss the challenges in fake news detection, outline the used datasets, and provide Arabic annotation samples for label assignment. Likewise, preprocessing steps for Arabic language nuances are highlighted. We also explore features from shared tasks and their implications. Lastly, we address open issues, proposing some future research directions like dataset improvement, feature refinement, and increased awareness to combat fake news proliferation. We contend that incorporating our perspective into the examination of fake news aspects, along with suggesting enhancements, sets this survey apart from others currently available.