Post-hoc standardisation of parametric T1 maps in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: a proof-of-concept

Background In cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging parametric T1 mapping lacks universally valid reference values. This limits its extensive use in the clinical routine. The aim of this work was the introduction of our selfdeveloped Magnetic Resonance Imaging Software for Standardization (MARISSA) as a post -hoc standardisation approach. Methods Our standardisation approach minimises the bias of confounding parameters (CPs) on the base of regression models. 214 healthy subjects with 814 parametric T1 maps were used for training those models on the CPs: age, gender, scanner and sequence. The training dataset included both sex, eleven different scanners and eight different sequences. The regression model type and four other adjustable standardisation parameters were optimised among 240 tested settings to achieve the lowest coefficient of variation, as measure for the inter -subject variability, in the mean T1 value across the healthy test datasets (HTE, N = 40,156 T1 maps). The HTE were then compared to 135 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, N = 112, 121 T1 maps) and amyloidosis (AMY, N = 24, 24 T1 maps) after applying the best performing standardisation pipeline (BPSP) to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Findings The BPSP reduced the COV of the HTE from 12.47% to 5.81%. Sensitivity and specificity reached 95.83% / 91.67% between HTE and AMY, 71.90% / 72.44% between HTE and HCM, and 87.50% / 98.35% between HCM and AMY. Interpretation Regarding the BPSP, MARISSA enabled the comparability of T1 maps independently of CPs while keeping the discrimination of healthy and patient groups as found in literature. Funding This study was supported by the BMBF / DZHK. Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).