Application of acidic ionic liquids for the treatment of acidic low grade palm oil for biodiesel production

被引：1

作者：

Hayyan A. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Yeow A.T.H. ^{[2
]}

Alkahli N.A.M. ^{[1
]}

Saleh J. ^{[4
]}

Aldeehani A.K. ^{[2
]}

Alkandari K.H. ^{[2
]}

Alajmi F.D. ^{[5
]}

Alias Y. ^{[3
,6
]}

Junaidi M.U.M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Hashim M.A. ^{[1
,3
]}

Basirun W.J. ^{[6
]}

Abdelrahman M.A.A. ^{[7
]}

机构：

[1] Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

[2] Centre for Separation Science & Technology (CSST), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

[3] University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

[4] Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh

[5] Production Operation Department, Kuwait Oil Company, P.O Box 9758, Ahmadi

[6] Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

[7] National Oilseed Processing Research Institute (NOPRI), University of Gezira, P.O. Box (20), Medani

来源：

Journal of Ionic Liquids | 2022年 / 2卷 / 01期

关键词：

1‑butyl‑3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate; Acidic crude palm oil; Esterification; Free fatty acid; Ionic liquids;

D O I：

10.1016/j.jil.2022.100023

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Employing low quality feedstocks for biodiesel production can present cost reduction opportunities due to its wide availability and cost effectiveness. However, most low quality feedstocks have high free fatty acid (FFA) content which is not feasible for biodiesel production through direct transesterification due to soap formation. Thus, a pre-treatment step through FFA esterification could reduce the FFA content while simultaneously yielding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In this study, the catalytic activity of ten ionic liquids (ILs) were screened for the esterification of FFA in acidic crude palm oil (ACPO). 1‑butyl‑3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate as IL exhibited the highest catalytic activity and was further investigated to determine the optimum operating parameters such as IL dosage, molar ratio, reaction temperature and time. Single factor optimization was employed for the laboratory scale batch esterification reaction. The FFA content was reduced from 10.77% to less than 1% using the following optimum conditions: 4% IL to oil, molar ratio of 10:1 (methanol to oil), 120 min reaction time and 60 °C reaction temperature. Under optimum conditions, the IL can be recycled five times with minimal loss in catalytic activity, highlighting its feasibility as an industrial catalyst for esterification of acidic oils and fats. © 2022

引用

共 47 条

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