Induction of circulating ABCB1 transcripts under platinum-based chemotherapy indicates poor prognosis and a bone micrometastatic phenotype in ovarian cancer patients

The drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, encoded by the ABCB1 gene, promotes acquired chemoresistance. We explored the presence and clinical relevance of circulating cell-free ABCB1 transcripts (cfABCB1(tx)) in ovarian cancer patients (173 longitudinal serum samples from 79 cancer patients) using digital droplet PCR. cfABCB1(tx) were readily detectable at primary diagnosis (median 354 mRNA copies/20 mu l serum), paralleled FIGO-stage and predicted surgical outcome (p = 0.023, p=0.022, respectively). Increased cfABCB1(tx) levels at primary diagnosis indicated poor PFS (HR = 2.329, 95%CI:1.374-3.947, p = 0.0017) and OS (HR = 2.074, 95%CI:1.194-3.601, p = 0.0096). cfABCB1(tx) induction under platinum-based chemotherapy was an independent predictor for poor OS (HR = 2.597, 95%CI: 1.218-5.538, p = 0.013) and paralelled a micrometastatic phenotype, shaped by the presence of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow. A strong correlation was observed between cfABCB1(tx) and circulating transcripts of the metastasis-inducer MACC1, which is the transcriptional activator of ABCB1. Combined assessment of cfABCB1(tx) and circulating cell-free MACC1 transcripts (cfMACC1(tx)) resulted in an improved prognostic prediction, with the cfABCB1(tx)-high/cfMACC1(tx)-high phenotype bearing the highest risk for relapse and death. Conclusively, we provide proof of principle, that ABCB1 transcripts are readily traceable in the liquid-biopsy of ovarian cancer patients, advancing a new dimension for systemic monitoring of ABCB1/P-glycoprotein expression dynamics.