Flower-like Fe0-Fe3O4@MoS2 hollow spheres activate peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride

A series of flower-like Fe-0-Fe3O4@MoS2 composite catalysts were successfully synthesized by reducing Fe-0 on the surface of Fe3O4 hollow spheres and coating with MoS2 to activate peroxomonosulfate (PMS) for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation. Adding Fe-0 increased the Fe2+ content, and the surface-coated 1T/2H mixed phase MoS2 enhanced the redox cycle of Fe (II)/Fe (III) and the reactivity of the heterogeneous system. Subsequently, the quenching experiments showed that radical and non-radical pathways were present in the Fe-0-Fe3O4@MoS2/PMS system, and O-2(-)<middle dot> and O-1(2) were dominant in the degradation. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated that Fe-0-Fe3O4@MoS2 exhibited excellent degradation efficiency (96.81%) and anti-interference capability against anions and humic acid. On this basis, the reaction mechanism was analyzed, and three possible degradation pathways were proposed by LC-MS to detect intermediates of TC.