Electrospun fiber materials based on polysaccharides and natural colorants for food packaging applications

In response to escalating concerns about environmental pollution from conventional plastic packaging, there is a growing interest in ecological and sustainable materials for food packaging. Consequently, biopolymer-based electrospun materials, particularly polysaccharides such as chitosan (CH), starch, and cellulose, have emerged as promising alternatives to synthetic ones due to their remarkable barrier properties and mechanical strength. Moreover, following the trend of employing polysaccharides as ecological and sustainable solutions for packaging materials, natural colorants have also been recognized as safer alternatives to synthetic dyes, addressing concerns about potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. These natural colorants add color to food packaging and enhance food freshness, possibly extending shelf life and promoting consumers' perception of food quality and safety. Therefore, this review summarizes recent advancements in fabricating and characterizing electrospun materials based on polysaccharides and natural colorants for sustainable food packaging. It explores various electrospinning techniques and highlights the incorporation of natural colorants, including bacterial pigments, for active and intelligent packaging applications. Moreover, it emphasizes the increasing role of the biobased industry in developing sustainable packaging materials with bioactive coloration. Lastly, the review addresses challenges, opportunities, and future research directions.