Authentication and PHY-Security Schemes for Electric Vehicle Dynamic Wireless Charging

This article proposes authentication and physical layer security schemes to improve secure communications between the electric vehicle (EV) and charging infrastructure in dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) systems. In particular, a double-encryption with the signature (DoES) scheme is proposed for session key exchange between EV and charging station which provides data authenticity and integrity. To enable low-latency authentication between EV and power transmitter (PT) in DWPT systems, a sign-encrypt-message (SEM) authentication code scheme is designed leveraging symmetric keys for dynamic charging, which ensures privacy and resistance to tampering attacks. The artificial noise-based physical layer security (AN-based PLS) scheme is also proposed at the physical layer to degrade the wiretapped signal quality of multiple eavesdroppers operating in non-colluding and colluding cases. Closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and intercept probability (IP) of the considered system with the non-colluding case are derived to show that the proposed AN-based PLS scheme provides lower SOP and IP than the conventional ones without AN. The distance between eavesdroppers and the PT also affects the system SOP and IP in both non-colluding and colluding cases. Moreover, the EV using the DoES scheme takes 52 ms for obtaining session keys from the charging station while it only spends 8.23 ms with the SEM scheme to authenticate with PT for the charging process.