[1] Univ Malaysia Perlis, Fac Civil Engn Technol, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
[2] Univ Malaysia Perlis, Ctr Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technol CEGeoGTe, Arau 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
[3] Univ Malaysia Perlis, Fac Chem Engn Technol, Arau 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
[4] Univ Tun Hussein Onn, Fac Engn Technol, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
[5] Czestochowa Tech Univ, Dept Mech & Fundamentals Machinery Design, Fac Mech Engn & Comp Sci, 73 Dabrowskiego Av, PL-42201 Czestochowa, Poland