Recent advances in protein biomarkers based enzymatic biosensors for non-communicable diseases

High prevalence and mortality rate associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) negatively influences global health resulting in long-lasting health issues. Hence, prognosis of NCDs is obligatory which ultimately decides the success of treatment process. Since, a plethora of proteins actively indulges in the pathogenesis of NCDs, the identification of specific protein biomarkers and their subsequent detection with biosensing techniques could rightly equip the healthcare system with rapid, frequent, and on-site detection of the disease. Aiming at protein biomarkers detection, the biosensors encompassing the utilization of enzymes either as catalytic biorecognition element or as the signalling component are the most promising category of biosensors which have witnessed considerable growth in recent times. Therefore, this review for the very first time summarizes the recent progress achieved in the enzymatic sensing of protein biomarkers associated with NCDs with prime emphasis on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and non-communicable respiratory diseases (NCRDs) .