Bsfra: Blockchain based smart forward-reverse agrichain

The agriculture supply chain is an integral part of the whole agriculture sector. A top-notch cost efficient supply chain management system that can protect itself from outside security attacks and also from malicious activities by supply chain participants without third party intervention is highly demanded in the agriculture field. In this paper, a smart contract based forward and reverse agriculture supply chain management system is proposed that takes into account both internal and external security attacks. Here, peer-to-peer Certificate Authorities provide the rate of the crops and the farmer puts this in the forward supply chain with its price as well as communicates directly with distributors for making transactions with customers through the smart contracts. After receiving the requested crops from the farmer through the distributor, the customer initiates payment contract for the transaction. On the other hand, if a customer is not satisfied, he or she initiates a reverse supply chain. In order to maintain its level of security, this model applies blockchain technology in conjunction with a session key technique. The system computes cost analysis to ensure the immutability of costs and predict future expenses as well as compared with benchmark data. The Real or Random (RoR) based formal as well as informal security analysis is presented here to demonstrate the system's robustness against a wide range of potential security threats and the malicious behavior of different entities. Our results analysis demonstrates the system evaluation in terms of throughput, latency, transmitted message size among different entities and gas consumption. It is observed that the proposed model outperforms than other existing approaches.