Periodic Gibbs Measures for Three-State Hard-Core Models in the Case Wand

We consider fertile three-state Hard-Core (HC) models with the activity parameter lambda > 0 on a Cayley tree. It is known that there exist four types of such models: wrench, wand, hinge, and pipe. These models arise as simple examples of loss networks with nearest-neighbor exclusion. In the case wand on a Cayley tree of order k >= 2, exact critical values lambda > 0 are found for which two-periodic Gibbs measures are not unique. Moreover, we study the extremality of the existing two-periodic Gibbs measures on a Cayley tree of order two.