Enhanced thermal management of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries with Al2O3-MWCNT-ethylene glycol hybrid nanofluid-based helical coiled pulsating heat pipe (HC-PHP)

The study aims to investigate the performance of a thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) by utilizing a helical coiled pulsating heat pipe (HC-PHP) combined with a hybrid nanofluid consisting of Al2O3-MWCNT-ethylene glycol. The experimental investigation focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of this system under various operating conditions. The outcomes of this study will provide valuable insights into the influence of thermal management on power output, driving range, and safety of EVs. During a continuous discharge process at room temperature of 25 degrees C and discharge rates of 1C, 2C, and 3C, the lithium-ion battery's temperature remains below 42 degrees C, ensuring that it does not exceed the specified safety limit. Additionally, the maximum temperature gradient across the battery, which indicates temperature variation within the battery, remains below 2 degrees C. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the thermal management system in maintaining safe and uniform temperature distribution during high-discharge operations. The observed results provide strong evidence for the exceptional heat dissipation capabilities of the thermal management system utilizing HC-PHP and an Al2O3-MWCNT-ethylene glycol-based nanofluid. The system effectively minimizes temperature gradient and enhances thermal uniformity across the battery surface. As a result, the HC-PHP ensures optimal performance of the lithium-ion battery by maintaining temperatures within the desired range of 20-50 degrees C, which is crucial for its reliable operation.