Introduction to bioimaging-based spatial multi-omic novel methods

Background: Spatial multi-omics are demonstrated to be a powerful method to assist researchers on genetic studies.In this review, bioimaging-based spatial multi-omics techniques such as seq FISH+, mer FISH, integrated DNA seq FISH+, DNA mer FISH, and MINA are introduced along with each technique's probe design, development, and imaging processes.Results: seq FISH employed 4–5 fluorophores to barcode and conducted multiple rounds of hybridization, in order that m RNA can be identified through color-coding. seq FISH+ added 60 pseudo-color and distributed them equally into three channels to enhance imaging power, in order that i.e., 24,000 genes can be imaged in total. mer FISH utilized 4 out 16 Hamming distance to innovatively provide a robust error-detecting method. MINA, a methodology combining mer FISH(multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization) and chromosomal tracing, enabled multiplexed genomic architecture imaged in mammalian single cells. Optical reconstruction of chromatin architecture(ORCA) a method that could conduct DNA path tracing in nanoscale manner with kilobase resolution,an FISH variation that improved genetic resolution, enable high-precision fiducial registration and sequential imaging, and utilized Oligopaint probe to hybridize the short genomic region ranging from 2 to 10 kilobase. ORCA then prescribes these short section primary probes with individual barcodes to attach fluorophore and to be imaged.Conclusion: This review concentrated on providing a comprehensive overview for these spatial-multi-omics techniques with the intention on helping researchers on selecting appropriate technique for their research.