Ultraviolet B radiation-mediated stress ethylene emission from rice plants is regulated by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase-producing bacteria

Dear Editor,Industrial emissions have played a major role in damaging the ozone layer, leading to increased atmospheric penetration of ultraviolet B (UV-B)(290–320 nm) radiation (Jordan,2002). The recovery rate of the damaged ozone layer in the mid-latitudes and tropics has been insignificant since 1979(Chipperfield et al., 2017), even after the adoption of the Montreal Protocol (Protocol, 1987), and the recovery process is expected to take many decades. In the meantime, UV-B radiation continues to penetrate the atmosphere (McKenzie et al., 2011; Bais et al., 2019). The characteristic short length and high energy of this radiation wavelength can directly affect major molecules, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids,which are important to living beings (Hideg et al., 2013).Rice is one of the major global crops, which is generally cultivated at lower latitudes and can potentially be exposed to a higher flux of UV radiation due to greater solar angles and longer duration of sunlight (Kataria and Guruprasad,2012).