NUTRITION AND THE IMMUNE-SYSTEM

Nutrition is an important factor for the normal functions of the immune system. This interrelationship has been demonstrated in various clinical studies. However, there are currently only few data available on the mechanisms by which excess or deficiency of energy and single nutrients may affect the immune system. This review summarizes the present knowledge on how energy, proteins, carbohydrates including alcohol as well as lipids may affect immune mechanisms. In addition, the functions of micronutrients (vitamin A, D, E, C, B6, iron, zinc, selenium) for the immune system as well as the consequences of single nutrient deficiencies and of micronutrient supplementation are discussed. In conclusion, an adequate nutrition facilitates the normal functioning of the immune system and may reduce the risks of immunologically mediated diseases.