Modelling of Carbonation and Chloride Penetration Interacted by Frost Damage in Concrete

The main objective of this research was to analyse the results of laboratory and field tests on frost attack and the effects of frost attack on the rate of carbonation and chloride penetration. Both internal frost attack and frost scaling were studied. Differential equations for interacted degradation were developed. The results of carbonation and chloride penetration tests with internally damaged concrete samples were utilised in quantification of carbonation and chloride penetration rate. The process of simultaneously proceeding frost attack, carbonation and chloride penetration could be reproduced by computer simulation.