Muybridge and Gesell: Pioneers of Visual Research Methods in Psychology

Throughout history, research methods in Psychology have benefited from the use of visual technology, in the form of still and motion pictures. This has allowed psychologists to study the details of human and non-human behavior, with the goal of describing their actions and establishing patterns at differing developmental stages. Eadweard Muybridge, a photographer and cinematographer, and Arnold Gesell, a psychologist and medical pediatrician, were both pioneers in the use of this technique, in somewhat different, but nevertheless, related scenarios. Additionally, a number of scientists throughout the history of psychology have been influenced by their contributions. The goals of this paper are to highlight the work of these important, historic figures, while motivating professional psychologists and students of psychology, to become aware of the role of empirical research, its related ethical issues, and the importance of using current visual technologies for research and professional training.