Effects of Physical Parameters on Natural Convection in a Solar Collector Filled with Nanofluid

Solar energy is one of the best sources of renewable energy with minimal environmental impact. A numerical study has been conducted to investigate the natural convection inside a solar collector having a flat-plate cover and a sine-wave absorber. The water-alumina nanofluid is used as the working fluid inside the solar collector. The governing differential equations with boundary conditions are solved by the penalty finite element method using Galerkin's weighted residual scheme. The effects of physical parameters on the natural convection heat transfer are simulated. These parameters include the number of wave. and non-dimensional amplitude A of the sinusoidal corrugated absorber. Comprehensive average Nusselt number, average temperature, and mean velocity field for both nanofluid and base fluid within the collector are presented as functions of the parameters mentioned above. Comparison with previously published work is made and found to be in excellent agreement. The numerical results show that the highest heat transfer rate is observed for both the largest. and A. In addition, the design for enhancing the performance of the collector is determined by examining the above-mentioned results. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.