Comparison of Intranasal Midazolam with Oral Midazolam for Premedication in Children

Surgery and anaesthesia induce considerable emotional stress and psychological consequences in children. This stress may remain in the child's psyche long after the hospital experience has passed, and it was first described by Duputyren in 1834. Age, parental anxiety level, previous hospital experiences and type of surgery are factors that can influence a child's anxiety level and psychological well being. Preoperative anxiety stimulates sympathetic, parasympathetic and endocrine system leading to an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac excitability. These reactions reflect the child's-fear of separation from parents and home environment, fear of physical, harm, fear of unfamiliar routines, fear of surgical instruments and procedures