BONE GRAFT: AN OVERVIEW

Background: Of the many methods used to repair skeletal defects in reconstructive orthopaedic surgery, bone grafting is involved in virtually every procedure. Grafts serve both a mechanical and biologic function. The science of bone grafting has improved immensely, particularly in the last 20 years, with principles of cellular and molecular biology now incorporated into procedures following the marked improvement in understanding osseous healing. Bone grafts are used across different aspects of reconstructive orthopedics, from the basic treatment of fractures to major limb salvage procedures and complex spinal reconstructions Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: bone grafts, types of bone grafts, allograft, xenograft, autograft, synthetic graft, graft harvest Aim: In this review, we aim to study the overview of bone grafts, their classification, and how they are harvested Conclusion: In the past few decades, several materials and techniques are being used in bone graft. Some of the products used can be biological, while many are synthetic. Each type of material has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. After the bone is grafted, the body can have variable response, depending on graft type and host immunity. Therefore, proper selection of graft type and harvest location is very crucial for good prognosis and desirable results.