RISK FACTORS FOR KERNICTERUS IN NEONATAL JAUNDICE

Background: Kernicterus is a neurologic syndrome resulting from deposition of unconjugated bilirubin in the basal ganglia and brain stem nuclei. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for kernicterus in neonatal jaundice. Material & Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out at the neonatal intensive care unit of National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, from 27th September, 2006 to 26th September, 2007. One hundred diagnosed cases of kernicterus were included. Procedure was explained to the parents and informed consent was taken. Neonates with congenital anomalies of central nervous system and meningitis were excluded. Results: Out of 100 cases 62 were males and 38 females. Age range was 1-15 days. Out of these, 56 were in range of 1-5 days. Prematurity was seen in 39. Fifty-five neonates were of low birth weight. Hypothermia was seen in 44. Home delivery was conducted in 60 cases. Haemolysis was seen in 30 and sepsis in 52. Mean for bilirubin was 27.4 with range 14.5-48.4mg/dl. Conclusion: Majority of patients with kernicterus are delivered at home and present in late stage. Infection, prematurity and low birth weight are common risk factors.