Biological evaluation and spectral characterization of 4-hydroxy coumarin analogues

Objective: The development of antibiotic resistance has recently been recognized as a global health problem. This study was designed to develop new potent molecules that are economic and minimally toxic. The research examined a novel one-step synthetic procedure of bioactive 3-arylazo-substituted coumarin derivatives (4i-4v) and further evaluated their biological actions. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats of appropriate age weighing 180-200 g were used to assess the wound incision, wound excision, acute toxicity and 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) models. The synthesized compounds were structurally interpreted with Differential Screening Calorimetry (DSC), FT/IR, 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), LC-MS, UV-Visible and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened to investigate their in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing activities. Results: A series of 4-hydroxy-3-(arylazo) coumarin (4i-4v) analogues were synthesized by coupling five different aryl diazonium salts with 4-HC in the presence of a 10% NaOH solution. The majority of the compounds showed significant antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant properties. The most potent compounds identified in the analysis were 4iv and 4e. Conclusion: This study justifies that both aryl and hetero arylazo analogues of 4-hydroxy coumarin possess significant antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant properties.