LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE SOLVENTS AS MECHANISTIC PROBES .52. LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE BEHAVIOR FROM BINARY-MIXTURES OF NONMESOGENIC 4-ALKYL-N-(4-CYANOPHENYL) PIPERIDINES

A relatively rare phenomenon, the induction of thermotropic mesophases from combinations of homologues of non-mesogenic compounds, is examined in some detail. Thus, monotropic nematic phases have been obtained from binary mixtures of 4-alkyl-N-(4-cyanophenyl)piperidines (I). Except for the hexyl homologue, the compounds I with butyl to nonyl as alkyl groups are non-mesomorphic as neat materials. From phase diagrams, the nematic clearing temperatures of the binary mixtures are found to vary linearly with composition and to increase as the molecular lengths of the components are increased. By introducing a methyl group at the 1-position of the alkyl chain, the melting points of the neat components are depressed, and the nematic clearing temperatures of the binary mixtures are lowered. Factors associated with the induction of this mesomorphism and with the 'kinetic' and thermodynamic stabilities of the monotropic nematic phases are discussed. Among these is the orientation between the rings of the core groups in I and in the more common mesogens, the trans-4-alkyl-1-(4-cyanophenyl) cyclohexanes, II.