Pediatric Solid Tumors of Infancy: An Overview

Based on strong research evidence, solid tumors in young children compose a heterogeneous group of malignancies that present with a myriad of clinical manifestations. • Based on some research evidence as well as consensus, cancerrelated symptoms overlap with frequently occurring childhood illnesses. Common complaints in pediatric patients, such as constipation, fever, back pain, bone pain, or limping, are frequently the first signs of malignancy. The role of general pediatricians is to further investigate these symptoms when they do not resolve in a timely manner. • Based primarily on consensus, when cancer is suspected, general pediatricians should obtain a comprehensive history, perform a detailed physical examination (including blood pressure measurement), and consider obtaining a plain radiograph of the affected body part (chest, abdomen, or limb). Patients with an abdominal mass may be initially evaluated with abdominal ultrasonography. • Based on some research evidence as well as consensus, prompt referral to a specialized cancer center of children with suspected cancer for evaluation can prevent permanent disease sequelae and may lead to improved outcomes. • Based on strong research evidence, pediatric solid tumors are managed by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy depending on the tumor type and stage and the patient age. Children with cancer should be offered to participate in clinical trials if it is possible. The tremendous improvement in the clinical outcome of many pediatric cancers over time has been partially achieved through patient enrollment in clinical trials. Close disease surveillance or additional genetic tests may be indicated based on the presence of congenital malformations or the tumor type.