Doing time on a TC: how effective are drug- free therapeutic communities in prison? A review of the literature

Purpose - Therapeutic communities (TC's) are consciously designed, living-learning environments designed to evoke social, psychological and behavioural change. The success of the residential TC model saw these community-led, self-help environments for addicts move into custodial settings and early evidence suggests this transition was effective. The purpose of this paper is to examine the evidence relevant to the effectiveness of prison based, drug-free TCs. Design/methodology/approach - In order to establish their true efficiency, particular focus has been placed on studies conducted over the last ten years (2007-2017). Findings - To date, the TC remains superior to other forms of drug treatment in reducing recidivism and drug relapse amongst addicts who offend. Originality/value - Outcomes of this review highlighted the importance of aftercare in providing transitional support; a fundamental aspect of treatment necessary for success and for maintaining long-term recovery post release.