Diet and Metabolic Syndrome

Since most components of metabolic syndrome are related to lifestyle, exercise and diet are critical aspects of treatment. Most patients will need to reduce body weight. Some flexibility in dietary macronutrients is allowed, depending on the patient's metabolic profile and responsiveness. Types of fats and carbohydrates are particularly important. Artificial trans fats should be eliminated as much as possible and saturated fats minimized. Carbohydrates should be mainly unrefined and unprocessed, emphasizing fiber and low glycemic index, while keeping added sugars low. Monounsaturated fats are the best replacements for saturated fats and refined carbohydrates within energy and total fat limits. Micronutrients that may be beneficial for metabolic syndrome include vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and potassium from whole food sources. Excess sodium chloride, as well as meal skipping, should be avoided.