Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis)

• Based on strong research evidence, the epidemiology of whooping cough is changing. (3)(5) • Based on strong research evidence, many factors seem to be contributing to the changing epidemiology of pertussis, including the exclusive use of acellular pertussis vaccines, waning immunity, changes to the organism, vaccine refusal, and undiagnosed cases. (7)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) • Symptoms of perioral cyanosis during coughing spells, posttussive emesis, and prolonged coughing illness all should raise concern for pertussis. • Based on strong research evidence, although there has been an increase in incidence among children younger than 1 year and older than 10 years, the more severe complications are seen in infants younger than 6 months. (4) • Based on some research evidence, early recognition of pertussis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy in infants may be associated with lower mortality. (33) • Vaccination is the primary method to prevent pertussis; current immunization recommendations are based on changing epidemiology. © 2018 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.