EXPERIENCE OF NONPOTABLE REUSE OF WASTEWATERS

Land area in the City State of Singapore is highly urbanized. Although 48% of the total land area of 620 square kilometres is reserved for water catchment and parks, water collected is insufficient to meet its needs. It derives its water mainly from Johor, Malaysia. To conserve water, reuse and recycling of wastewaters is encouraged in both the residential and industrial sectors. The Jurong Industrial Water Work was designed to reclaim treated sewage from the Ulu Pandan Sewage Treatment Plant. It has a capacity of 45,000 cubic metres per day. Pilot scheme to use this water for toilet flushing in housing estate was tried out. The scheme although highly successful is being suspended. The demand for reclaimed water from sewage for industrial water, however, increases steadily. This paper summarises the experience gained on reclaiming sewage for industrial uses.