BIOTECHNOLOGY APPROACHES FOR IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF FLAVONOIDS

Flavonoids are small molecular secondary metabolites synthesized by plants with various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, etc. Flavonoids occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants and beverages such as tea and wine. Biotechnology offers different in vitro systems which have been developed to exploit these active ingredients such as, in callus cultures, cell suspension cultures which are the emerging fields of biotechnology to investigate and enhance the production of these products. Along with this, hairy root culture and transformation techniques have been studied widely for flavonoid production. Nano-treatment is a novel way for improvement of flavonoids production. the present review focus on describing the flavonoids biochemistry, regulation of biosynthesis, as well as the Biotechnology and Nano-biotechnology tools for in vitro production of flavonoids.