Xanthine scaffold: scope and potential in drug development

被引：98
作者：
Singh, Nivedita [1 ]
Shreshtha, Ashwinee Kumar [2 ]
Thakur, M. S. [3 ]
Patra, Sanjukta [1 ]
机构：
[1] Indian Inst Technol Guwahati, Dept Biosci & Bioengn, Gauhati 781039, India
[2] Kathmandu Univ, Dhulikhel, Nepal
[3] Cent Food Technol Res Inst, Fermentat Technol & Bioengn Dept, Mysore, Karnataka, India
来源：
HELIYON | 2018年 / 4卷 / 10期
关键词：
Pharmaceutical chemistry; Natural product chemistry;
D O I：
10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00829
中图分类号：
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号：
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要：
Medicinal plants have been the basis for discovery of various important marketed drugs. Xanthine is one such lead molecule. Xanthines in various forms (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, etc) are abode in tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate etc. giving them popular recognition. These compounds are best known for their diverse pharmaceutical applications as cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition, antagonization of adenosine receptor, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities. These properties incentivize to use xanthine as scaffold to develop new derivatives. Chemical synthesis contributes greater diversity in xanthine based derivatisation. With highlighting the existing challenges in chemical synthesis, the present review focuses the probable solution to fill existing lacuna. The review summarizes the available knowledge of xanthine based drugs development along with exploring new xanthine led chemical synthesis path for bringing diversification in xanthine based research. The main objective of this review is to explore the immense potential of xanthine as scaffold in drug development.
引用
收藏
页数：38
相关论文
共 175 条
[51]   Discovery of a novel A2B adenosine receptor antagonist as a clinical candidate for chronic inflammatory airway diseases [J].
Elzein, Elfatih ;
Kalla, Rao V. ;
Li, Xiaofen ;
Perry, Thao ;
Gimbel, Art ;
Zeng, Dewan ;
Lustig, David ;
Leung, Kwan ;
Zablocki, Jeff .
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, 2008, 51 (07) :2267-2278
[52]   Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action [J].
Fisone, G ;
Borgkvist, A ;
Usiello, A .
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES, 2004, 61 (7-8) :857-872
[53]   Direct effects of caffeine and theophylline on p110δ and other phosphoinositide 3-kinases -: Differential effects on lipid kinase and protein kinase activities [J].
Foukas, LC ;
Daniele, N ;
Ktori, C ;
Anderson, KE ;
Jensen, J ;
Shepherd, PR .
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 2002, 277 (40) :37124-37130
[54]   8-AZAXANTHINE DERIVATIVES AS ANTAGONISTS OF ADENOSINE RECEPTORS [J].
FRANCHETTI, P ;
MESSINI, L ;
CAPPELLACCI, L ;
GRIFANTINI, M ;
LUCACCHINI, A ;
MARTINI, C ;
SENATORE, G .
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, 1994, 37 (18) :2970-2975
[55]   Mammalian Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases: Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Functions [J].
Francis, Sharron H. ;
Blount, Mitsi A. ;
Corbin, Jackie D. .
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, 2011, 91 (02) :651-690
[56]   Health Benefits of Methylxanthines in Cacao and Chocolate [J].
Franco, Rafael ;
Onatibia-Astibia, Ainhoa ;
Martinez-Pinilla, Eva .
NUTRIENTS, 2013, 5 (10) :4159-4173
[57]   EVIDENCE THAT A NOVEL 8-PHENYL SUBSTITUTED XANTHINE DERIVATIVE IS A CARDIOSELECTIVE ADENOSINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST INVIVO [J].
FREDHOLM, BB ;
JACOBSON, KA ;
JONZON, B ;
KIRK, KL ;
LI, YO ;
DALY, JW .
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY, 1987, 9 (04) :396-400
[58]   PURINE ALKALOID FORMATION IN BUDS AND DEVELOPING LEAFLETS OF COFFEA-ARABICA - EXPRESSION OF AN OPTIMAL DEFENSE STRATEGY [J].
FRISCHKNECHT, PM ;
ULMERDUFEK, J ;
BAUMANN, TW .
PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 1986, 25 (03) :613-616
[59]   3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) sensitizes cardiac myocytes to anoxia [J].
Geisbuhler, TP ;
Schwager, TL ;
Ervin, HD .
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY, 2002, 63 (11) :2055-2062
[60]   BENZ-FUSED MESOIONIC XANTHINE ANALOGS AS INHIBITORS OF CYCLIC-AMP PHOSPHODIESTERASE [J].
GLENNON, RA ;
GAINES, JJ ;
ROGERS, ME .
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, 1981, 24 (06) :766-769
12345678910